| Application Environment |
Indoor, outdoor, underground, cable tray, conduit, wet area, industrial plant, or direct burial |
Specify ambient temperature, moisture exposure, UV exposure, mechanical impact, chemical contact, and installation method. |
Outdoor and underground installations generally require a suitable sheath, moisture resistance, and appropriate mechanical protection. |
Installation drawing, environmental classification, sheath performance, and project specification |
| Rated Voltage |
- 0.6/1 kV
- 1.8/3 kV
- 3.6/6 kV
- 6/10 kV
- 8.7/15 kV
- 12/20 kV or 18/30 kV for medium-voltage systems
|
State the system voltage, earthing arrangement, phase configuration, and whether the cable is for low-voltage or medium-voltage service. |
Low-voltage distribution commonly uses 0.6/1 kV cables; higher ratings are selected for medium-voltage distribution networks. |
IEC 60502-1 for many low-voltage power cables; IEC 60502-2 for many medium-voltage cable designs |
| Conductor Material |
Annealed copper or aluminium; solid, stranded, compacted, or sector-shaped conductor |
Define conductor material, cross-sectional area, flexibility class, number of cores, and required conductor resistance. |
Copper offers higher conductivity and compact dimensions; aluminium can reduce weight and material cost when the installation is designed for it. |
IEC 60228 conductor class and maximum DC resistance at 20°C |
| Conductor Size |
Common sizes include 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25, 35, 50, 70, 95, 120, 150, 185, 240, and 300 mm² |
Provide the design current, allowable voltage drop, circuit length, installation arrangement, ambient conditions, and grouping factor. |
Small sizes suit control and light-power circuits; larger sizes suit feeders, motors, transformers, and industrial distribution. |
Conductor resistance, ampacity calculation, voltage-drop calculation, and project electrical code |
| Number of Cores |
Single-core, 2-core, 3-core, 4-core, 5-core, or multi-core construction |
Confirm whether a separate protective-earth conductor, neutral conductor, concentric conductor, or symmetrical three-phase arrangement is required. |
Three-core cables are widely used for three-phase circuits; four- or five-core cables can include neutral and protective-earth functions. |
Wiring diagram, core identification, conductor layout, and continuity testing |
| Insulation Material |
XLPE, PVC, EPR, or another project-approved insulating compound |
Define continuous conductor operating temperature, short-circuit temperature, flexibility, fire behavior, and compatibility with the environment. |
XLPE is commonly selected for higher continuous operating temperature; PVC is widely used for general low-voltage applications; EPR is used where flexibility and electrical performance are important. |
Insulation resistance, voltage test, dimensional inspection, and applicable material requirements |
| Shielding Method |
- Copper tape screen
- Concentric copper wire screen
- Copper wire and copper tape combination
- Metallic braid for suitable low-voltage designs
- Aluminium/polyester foil with drain wire for signal-oriented constructions
|
Define shield coverage, material, cross-sectional area, short-circuit withstand current, grounding method, and required transfer impedance or screen resistance. |
Metallic screens help control electric fields, provide a return path for fault current, and reduce electromagnetic interference when correctly grounded. |
Shield continuity, screen resistance, coverage, short-circuit rating, and grounding design |
| Shield Grounding |
Single-point grounding, both-end grounding, or grounding according to the system protection design |
Specify cable length, operating frequency, induced-voltage limits, fault-current path, and whether circulating shield currents must be controlled. |
Single-point grounding may reduce circulating currents on certain systems; both-end grounding can provide a defined fault-current path but requires proper design. |
Grounding diagram, touch-voltage assessment, induced-voltage calculation, and continuity test |
| Outer Sheath |
PVC, PE, LSZH, oil-resistant, sunlight-resistant, flame-retardant, or low-temperature compound |
Define color, nominal thickness, UV exposure, oil or chemical contact, water ingress risk, smoke requirements, and temperature range. |
PE is often selected for moisture and outdoor resistance; PVC is common for general-purpose installations; LSZH is used where low smoke and low halogen emission are required. |
Sheath thickness, tensile and elongation tests, flame test, smoke/halogen test, and environmental compatibility |
| Fire Performance |
Standard flame retardance, vertical flame retardance, reduced smoke, low halogen, or circuit integrity during fire |
Identify the building code, tunnel or transit requirement, evacuation conditions, fire-rated duration, and whether a system-level fire test is required. |
LSZH and enhanced fire-performance constructions are commonly considered for public buildings, transit facilities, data rooms, and enclosed spaces. |
Applicable IEC, EN, or national fire-test classification and third-party test report |
| Flexibility and Bending |
Fixed-installation cable, flexible stranded cable, or cable designed for repeated movement |
State minimum bending radius, installation temperature, movement frequency, torsion, drag-chain use, and required conductor class. |
Standard power cables suit fixed installations; repeated-motion applications require a specifically designed flexible cable rather than a conventional fixed cable. |
Conductor class, manufacturer bending-radius data, flexing test, and installation instructions |
| Mechanical Protection |
Unarmoured, steel wire armoured, steel tape armoured, aluminium armoured, or additional conduit protection |
Define impact risk, crushing load, tensile load, rodent exposure, direct-burial conditions, and whether the armour must serve as a protective conductor. |
Armoured constructions are suitable where mechanical protection is needed, including underground, outdoor, and industrial installations. |
Armour material, armour resistance, impact/crush tests, tensile performance, and earthing continuity |
| Temperature Requirements |
Normal operating temperature, short-circuit temperature, ambient temperature, and installation temperature |
Confirm conductor operating limit, expected fault duration, ambient temperature, solar heating, and thermal resistance of surrounding materials. |
Thermal ratings must be selected together with installation conditions; the highest insulation temperature alone does not determine allowable ampacity. |
Thermal calculation, short-circuit withstand calculation, and applicable cable standard |
| Electrical Performance |
Current-carrying capacity, voltage drop, insulation resistance, capacitance, inductance, and electromagnetic compatibility |
Provide load current, duty cycle, power factor, circuit length, starting current, harmonics, and proximity to sensitive equipment. |
Shielded cables can support electromagnetic-noise control, but cable routing, termination, grounding, and cabinet design also affect system performance. |
Type test, routine test, impedance data, voltage-drop calculation, and EMC installation review |
| Cable Dimensions and Weight |
Overall diameter, minimum bending radius, drum length, net weight, and maximum shipping length |
Confirm tray width, conduit internal diameter, gland size, pulling tension, drum handling limits, and available installation space. |
Large conductor sizes, armour, and metallic shields increase diameter and weight and may affect transportation and installation equipment. |
Dimensional inspection, weight record, packing specification, and approved cable schedule |
| Termination and Accessories |
Cable glands, lugs, joints, termination kits, grounding clamps, shield pigtails, and sealing components |
Define conductor material, cable diameter, armour type, shield arrangement, enclosure entry, IP requirement, and installation tool requirements. |
Correct accessories are essential for maintaining insulation, shield continuity, ingress protection, and safe mechanical retention. |
Accessory compatibility statement, installation procedure, torque values, and termination inspection |
| Quality Documentation |
Data sheet, drawing, bill of materials, routine-test report, type-test evidence, material declaration, and packing list |
Request traceable batch identification, conductor resistance results, dimensional data, electrical test results, and a clearly defined inspection plan. |
Complete documentation supports technical approval, incoming inspection, installation records, and future maintenance. |
Approved technical submittal, inspection and test plan, certificate traceability, and pre-shipment inspection |